Type of job

The proportion of managers and administrators who were union members rose from 19% to 20% in 1999, according to the Labour Force Survey. For those in personal and protective service jobs the figure also crept up from 27% to 28%. But the highest density figures are still for professional and associate professional workers.

1998 1999

Managers &

administrators 20% 19%

Professional 49% 49%

Associate professional 43% 44%

Clerical & secretarial 23% 24%

Craft & related 32% 32%

Personal & protective 28% 27%

Sales 11% 11%

Plant & machine

operatives 37% 38%

Less skilled 27% 27%

Source: Today's trade unionists, TUC