The danger of diacetyl

The HSE has issued a warning on a food flavouring agent after workers in the USA’s popcorn industry developed severe lung disease by inhaling fumes.

Diacetyl (2-3-butanedione) is a green-yellow liquid which gives food a buttery flavour. It is safe when eaten in small amounts, but in its concentrated bulk form it may produce vapour that is highly irritating to the eyes, nose, throat and lungs. Permanent lung damage may occur if the small airways in the lungs become blocked by inflammation.

The extent of diacetyl use to flavour food and drink products in the UK is uncertain. The HSE advises the food industry to follow the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) to reduce the risks.